During World War II, a new program gave young men who refused to wear a uniform other ways to serve their country.

On May 16, 1944, when SS men arrived in the Romani section of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Roma refused to leave their barracks and armed themselves for a fight to the death. 

In December 1942, a week before Christmas, the Allied governments issued a statement exposing a monstrous chain of events in Nazi-occupied Europe.

Spoilers ahead for Episode 3 of Masters of the Air. 

In October 1943, SS leader Heinrich Himmler gave two speeches, showing the full depravity of the exterminationist mindset.