From the beginning, this was to be a different kind of war—a war not only of conquest but also of annihilation. 

In a war against Nazi Germany, no statement was more dramatic than for Jewish American soldiers to proclaim their faith on German soil.

Whether it played the role of the “Black Cat,” “Mad Cat,” or “Dumbo,” the PBY Catalina proved itself as one of the most instrumental amphibious planes as it struck fear in the Axis and provided hope for the Allies.

Planning the Overlord assault didn’t just happen overnight. It was a result of a prewar doctrinal framework built upon six identified components for an amphibious assault.

While the Overlord operation was a combined effort of land, sea, and air forces, the amphibious assault plan was given the code name Neptune.